Prenatal Testing is an Important Part of Every Successful
Pregnancy
Most women who are pregnant have one goal in mind - that of
giving birth to a healthy baby. Prenatal testing not only can
detect the health of the baby but also can help her to make
decisions that can increase the chances for her baby to be born
healthy. The pregnant woman will be informed of many prenatal
tests by her healthcare provider caring for her pregnancy
including general testing, testing that is specific to first
trimester, second trimester, third trimester, and specific to
genetics.
The most common general pregnancy testing includes blood and
urine testing, Rh Factor testing, paternity testing, and
ultrasound scans. The first trimester specific testing includes
Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) testing and the first trimester
screen. The second trimester testing includes an amniocentesis,
Maternal Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein screening (MSAFP),
cordocentesis: Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling (PUBS),
the quad screen, and the triple screen test: multiple marker
screen test. The third trimester testing includes the
biophysical profile (BPP), the glucose challenge screening
& glucose tolerance test (NST), the fetal non-stress test
(NST), and finally, the group B strep infection test.
General Testing:
The blood test is used to discover your blood type, your Rh
factor, your glucose, iron, and hemoglobin levels and to find
out if you are immune to rubella and also to see if you test
positive to any sexually transmitted diseases that may affect
your pregnancy or your unborn baby. Blood tests can also detect
possible infections, such as toxoplasmosis, which is dangerous
for pregnant women.
It is important to test your urine to catch any bladder or
kidney infections, to discover or control diabetes, to check
for dehydration and the presence of preeclampsia and to look
for higher than normal levels of protein which can signal
danger to the pregnancy from infections or preeclampsia if the
woman also has high blood pressure. Urine testing is also used
to detect or confirm the pregnancy at the first prenatal
visit.
It is important to test for Rh factor because if the mother
is Rh-negative and the father of the baby is Rh-positive, the
baby can have the Rh factor from the father and be Rh-positive
too which will then cause problems when the baby's Rh-positive
blood and the mother's Rh-negative blood interact within the
placenta during uterine life. This can cause hemolytic disease
or hemolytic anemia in the baby, which can threaten the life of
the baby. If not tested for and it is present the baby can
suffer serious illness, brain damage, or even die before birth
or as a newborn. An injection or Rh immunoglobulin (Rhlg),
which is a blood product that can prevent the sensitization of
an Rh-negative mother, can be given to prevent these
complications.
Paternity testing is done to determine who the father of the
baby is if the woman had more than one sexual partner and the
paternity is in question.
Ultrasound scans are performed to date the pregnancy, or to
ascertain the health of the pregnancy or baby.
First Trimester, second trimester and third trimester
testing is determined based on the health of the mother, the
age of the mother, the health of the mother and the need to
test for challenges faced by the mother or baby. The healthcare
provider caring for the pregnancy will discuss the benefits and
risks of each procedure with the pregnant woman so that she can
make an informed decision regarding each test. She will be
guided by the medical advice given to her and she can of course
ask for a second opinion before consenting to testing that is
invasive in nature such as the amniocentesis.
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