Prenatal Testing is an Important Part of Every Successful Pregnancy

Most women who are pregnant have one goal in mind - that of giving birth to a healthy baby. Prenatal testing not only can detect the health of the baby but also can help her to make decisions that can increase the chances for her baby to be born healthy. The pregnant woman will be informed of many prenatal tests by her healthcare provider caring for her pregnancy including general testing, testing that is specific to first trimester, second trimester, third trimester, and specific to genetics.

The most common general pregnancy testing includes blood and urine testing, Rh Factor testing, paternity testing, and ultrasound scans. The first trimester specific testing includes Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) testing and the first trimester screen. The second trimester testing includes an amniocentesis, Maternal Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein screening (MSAFP), cordocentesis: Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling (PUBS), the quad screen, and the triple screen test: multiple marker screen test. The third trimester testing includes the biophysical profile (BPP), the glucose challenge screening & glucose tolerance test (NST), the fetal non-stress test (NST), and finally, the group B strep infection test.

General Testing:

The blood test is used to discover your blood type, your Rh factor, your glucose, iron, and hemoglobin levels and to find out if you are immune to rubella and also to see if you test positive to any sexually transmitted diseases that may affect your pregnancy or your unborn baby. Blood tests can also detect possible infections, such as toxoplasmosis, which is dangerous for pregnant women.

It is important to test your urine to catch any bladder or kidney infections, to discover or control diabetes, to check for dehydration and the presence of preeclampsia and to look for higher than normal levels of protein which can signal danger to the pregnancy from infections or preeclampsia if the woman also has high blood pressure. Urine testing is also used to detect or confirm the pregnancy at the first prenatal visit.

It is important to test for Rh factor because if the mother is Rh-negative and the father of the baby is Rh-positive, the baby can have the Rh factor from the father and be Rh-positive too which will then cause problems when the baby's Rh-positive blood and the mother's Rh-negative blood interact within the placenta during uterine life. This can cause hemolytic disease or hemolytic anemia in the baby, which can threaten the life of the baby. If not tested for and it is present the baby can suffer serious illness, brain damage, or even die before birth or as a newborn. An injection or Rh immunoglobulin (Rhlg), which is a blood product that can prevent the sensitization of an Rh-negative mother, can be given to prevent these complications.

Paternity testing is done to determine who the father of the baby is if the woman had more than one sexual partner and the paternity is in question.

Ultrasound scans are performed to date the pregnancy, or to ascertain the health of the pregnancy or baby.

First Trimester, second trimester and third trimester testing is determined based on the health of the mother, the age of the mother, the health of the mother and the need to test for challenges faced by the mother or baby. The healthcare provider caring for the pregnancy will discuss the benefits and risks of each procedure with the pregnant woman so that she can make an informed decision regarding each test. She will be guided by the medical advice given to her and she can of course ask for a second opinion before consenting to testing that is invasive in nature such as the amniocentesis.

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